Food Safety Temperature Guide

USDA recommended safe internal temperatures for every food. Beef, pork, chicken, turkey, seafood — know the exact temperature to keep your family safe.

Quick Temperature Converter

Safe Minimum Internal Temperatures

🐔 Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck)

All poultry — whole bird, pieces, ground, stuffing

165°F 74°C

🥩 Ground Meat (beef, pork, lamb, veal)

All ground meats including hamburgers, meatloaf, sausage

160°F 71°C

🐖 Pork (fresh cuts, chops, roasts)

Rest 3 minutes after cooking; medium-rare to medium

145°F 63°C

🥩 Beef, Veal, Lamb (steaks, chops, roasts)

Rest 3 minutes; adjust for doneness preference

145°F 63°C

🐟 Fish & Shellfish (most types)

Flesh is opaque and flaks easily with a fork

145°F 63°C

🦐 Shrimp, Lobster, Crab

Pearl white color, flesh opaque; shrimp curl into C-shape

145°F 63°C

🍳 Eggs & Egg Dishes

Yolks and whites firm; casseroles reach 160°F

160°F 71°C

🥘 Leftovers & Casseroles

Reheat all leftovers to 165°F throughout

165°F 74°C

🧀 Hot Dogs, Sausages (pre-cooked)

Reheat pre-cooked processed meats to 165°F

165°F 74°C

Beef Doneness Guide

USDA safe minimum is 145°F. Use these as a guide for your preferred doneness. Always use a meat thermometer for accuracy.

Rare

Cool red center, very soft texture

120-130°F 49-54°C

Medium-Rare

Warm red center, tender and juicy (most popular)

130-140°F 54-60°C

Medium

Pink center, slightly firm, still juicy

140-150°F 60-66°C

Medium-Well

Slightly pink center, firmer texture

150-160°F 66-71°C

Well Done

No pink, brown throughout, firm texture

160°F+ 71°C+

Danger Zone & Storage Times

⚠️ The Danger Zone

40°F - 140°F (4°C - 60°C)

Bacteria multiply rapidly in this range. Never leave food out for more than 2 hours (1 hour if above 90°F).

❄️ Fridge & Freezer Temps

Refrigerator: 40°F (4°C) or below

Freezer: 0°F (-18°C) or below

Cold Food Storage Guidelines

Food Fridge Freezer
Raw ground meat 1-2 days 3-4 months
Raw steaks / roasts 3-5 days 4-12 months
Raw poultry 1-2 days 9 months
Leftover cooked meat 3-4 days 2-3 months
Eggs (in shell) 3-5 weeks Not recommended
Fresh fish / shellfish 1-2 days 6-9 months

How to Use a Meat Thermometer Correctly

  1. Choose the right thermometer: Instant-read thermometers are best for quick checks. Leave-in probe thermometers are great for roasts and smokers.
  2. Find the thickest part: Insert the probe into the thickest part of the meat, away from bone, fat, and gristle.
  3. Wait for the reading: Instant-read thermometers take 10-20 seconds. Don't remove until the reading stabilizes.
  4. Check multiple spots: For large cuts like turkey, check the innermost part of the thigh, the wing, and the thickest part of the breast.
  5. Rest your meat: Most meats benefit from a 3-10 minute rest after cooking. Carry-over cooking can raise the temperature 5-10°F.

Carry-Over Cooking Explained

When you remove meat from heat, its internal temperature continues to rise for several minutes — this is called "carry-over cooking." For large roasts, this can be 5-15°F. That's why recipes often tell you to remove meat a few degrees before your target temperature.

Common Food Safety Myths

Myth: "If it's pink, it's not safe."

Color is not a reliable indicator of safety. A steak can be pink at 145°F and perfectly safe. Ground meat should reach 160°F and typically has no pink. Always use a thermometer.

Myth: "Microwaves kill all bacteria."

Microwaves can have cold spots. Always stir and rotate food, and check temperature in multiple places. Leftovers should reach 165°F throughout.

Myth: "You can thaw meat on the counter."

Never thaw meat at room temperature. The outside enters the danger zone while the inside is still frozen. Use the fridge (slowest), cold water (faster), or microwave (fastest) instead.